As an island country, Singapore is extremely short of fresh water resources and groundwater resources. Although the annual rainfall is as high as 2350mm, due to the land area of more than 600 square kilometers, Singapore, a tropical island country, is still seriously short of water, with a per capita water resource of only 211 cubic meters, ranking the second lowest in the world. Half of Singapore's 4 million residents' daily water is collected and stored rainwater, and the other half is long-term water purchase from Malaysia under the Singapore Malaysia water supply agreement. In this case, the protection and utilization of water resources has naturally become a national priority. So Singapore has been vigorously developing desalination technology, developing new water and so on.

It is reported that at present, Singapore Public Utilities Bureau is studying the first place to use smart water meters, which will replace the traditional water meters used by existing users.
 

Singapore's industry, commerce and financial services are very developed. As a highly urbanized country without natural resources, Singapore is facing serious water shortage. Singapore's domestic water source mainly comes from 14 impoundments, but with the development of economy and population, Singapore's water demand is about 1.4 million cubic meters per day, and domestic water resources can only meet 50%. As a result, most of Singapore's water resources are purchased from abroad (mainly Malaysia and Indonesia). Currently, more than 50% of the water supply comes from Johor state of Malaysia
 

Singapore has an equatorial climate with an annual rainfall of about 2350 mm. The rainfall has the characteristics of high density, short duration and small distribution area, which results in the formation of large flow in short time and small area. Therefore, Singapore's domestic water source is mainly collected through the catchment area and stored in the reservoir, then transported to the water plant for treatment, and finally into the water supply network system. The central catchment area is a protected catchment area as well as a nature reserve. Its land is specially used to collect rainwater. With the gradual increase of water demand, Singapore also uses rivers to build reservoirs. The quality of raw water collected in these non protected catchments is far worse than that in the central catchments.
 

Since the 1960s, Singapore has gradually formulated environmental regulations to control industrial pollution without hindering industrial development. For example, since 1980, only liquid oil with sulfur content of no more than 2% has been allowed to be used for power generation in power plants, refineries and other major air pollution sources. This provision has been in effect since 2000 and remains unchanged. Singapore has also stipulated that for industries that distribute pollutants in the air, special equipment must be installed to ensure that the gases emitted comply with national standards. Through continuous improvement, Singapore has established a very comprehensive system of environmental laws and regulations, which has been strictly implemented. These regulations clearly stipulate that in Singapore, water is public property, and the government intervenes in the public interest of water issues through administrative and regulatory means. (reprint information, delete in case of infringement)